Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids

Site of fatty acid synthesis
The fatty acid synthase system exists in the cytoplasm of liver, kidney, brain, lung, breast, fat and other tissues in the body. Therefore, these tissues can synthesize fatty acids, but the fatty acid synthase system in the liver is the most active. Therefore, hepatocytes are the main site for fatty acid synthesis in the human body.  
Although adipose tissue can also synthesize fatty acids using intermediate products of glucose metabolism as raw materials, its main sources are exogenous fatty acids absorbed by the small intestine and endogenous fatty acids synthesized by the liver. 
The synthesis of palmitic acid is completed in the cytoplasm, but the elongation of fatty acid chains is completed in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
Raw materials for fatty acid synthesis
The raw materials for synthesizing fatty acids are acetyl CoA, HCO3- (C02), NADPH and ATP. Mn2+ can be used as an enzyme activator.
Fatty acid synthesis pathway
The synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA in organisms includes: ① Non-mitochondrial enzyme system synthesis pathway: that is, the cytoplasmic enzyme system synthesis of saturated fatty acids. The end product of this pathway is palmitic acid, so it is also called the palmitic acid synthesis pathway. It is the main pathway for fatty acid synthesis. ② Mitochondrial enzyme synthesis pathway: also known as the saturated fatty acid carbon chain extension pathway.